Paradigm Revision and "Parsonianism"
نویسنده
چکیده
This essay begins from a critical issue in the sociology of science: how do scientific theories change, if, contrary to empiricism, they are not simply falsified? An alternative to Kuhn's position is proposed, and in the substance of the essay I apply this alternative to the sociological theory of Talcott Parsons. After discussing its profound impact and some historical reasons for this fact, I trace the often unconscious changes which successive generations of Parsons' students and followers have introduced in order to save the theory from being disproved. It is these paradigm revisions which have come to be called "Parsonianism." Resume. Cette 6tude aborde une question controvers6e de la sociologie des sciences, par le biais de laquelle on s'interroge de quelle facon les th6ories cientifiques ubissent des modifications a moins qu'oppos6es a l'empirisme, elles ne soient tout simplement fauss6es? On propose ici une autre solution a la these de Kuhn et dans l'essentiel de cette etude, j'applique cette alternative a la theorie sociologique de Talcott Parsons. Apres avoir discute de son impact profond et des quelques raisons historiques qui militent en faveur de cette influence, je retrace les changements ouvent inconscients qu'on apport6s les g6n6rations successives d'6tuiants et de disciples de Parsons afin de proteger sa theorie de ses d6tracteurs. Ce sont ces r6visions paradigmatiques qui ont avec le temps cre6 le terme
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